Clinical Guidelines

The Moyamoya Disease collection uses the listed multidisciplinary guidance as its evidence baseline. These guidance documents support general education; they do not replace patient-specific decisions by an experienced clinical team.

Moyamoya Disease guidance

1. scientific statement aha-2023
   Adult Moyamoya Disease and Syndrome: Current Perspectives and Future Directions

   American Heart Association and American Stroke Association, 2023 . doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000443

2. guideline eso-2023
   European Stroke Organisation Guidelines on Moyamoya Angiopathy

   European Stroke Organisation, 2023 . doi: 10.1177/23969873221144089

3. guideline japanese-guidelines-2021
   2021 Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Moyamoya Disease

   Research Committee on Moyamoya Disease and Japan Stroke Society, 2022 . doi: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2021-0382

4. diagnostic criteria diagnostic-criteria-2021
   Diagnostic Criteria for Moyamoya Disease: 2021 Revised Version

   Research Committee on Moyamoya Disease, 2022 . doi: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0072

The Multiple Sclerosis collection uses current diagnostic, imaging, and treatment guidance as its evidence baseline. These sources are summarized for education and do not replace diagnosis or treatment by an MS specialist.

Multiple Sclerosis guidance

1. diagnostic criteria mcdonald-criteria-2024
   Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: 2024 Revisions of the McDonald Criteria

   The Lancet Neurology, 2025 . doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00270-4

2. guideline nice-ms-2022
   Multiple Sclerosis in Adults: Management

   National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2022

3. guideline magnims-mri-2021
   2021 MAGNIMS-CMSC-NAIMS Consensus Recommendations on the Use of MRI in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

   The Lancet Neurology, 2021 . doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00095-8

4. guideline ectrims-ean-ms-2018
   ECTRIMS/EAN Guideline on the Pharmacological Treatment of People with Multiple Sclerosis

   ECTRIMS and European Academy of Neurology, 2018 . doi: 10.1177/1352458517751049

5. guideline aan-dmt-2018
   Practice Guideline Recommendations: Disease-modifying Therapies for Adults with Multiple Sclerosis

   American Academy of Neurology, 2018 . doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005347

6. review ms-course-2014
   Defining the Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis: The 2013 Revisions

   Neurology, 2014 . doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000560

The Hemorrhoids collection uses current colorectal-surgery guidance and a federal patient reference as its evidence baseline. They support education about assessment and treatment choices, but do not replace an individual examination or advice from a qualified clinician.

Hemorrhoids guidance

1. guideline ascrs-hemorrhoids-2024
   The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hemorrhoids

   American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, 2024 . doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003276

2. government reference niddk-hemorrhoids
   Hemorrhoids - NIDDK Health Information

   National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2016